# Transcript: Why we actually do it all…

## Description

Join a lecture that will challenge you to reflect on what truly gives your life meaning.



Who is Marek Orko Vácha



Marek Orko Vácha is a Czech Roman Catholic priest and theologian, as well as a molecular biologist and geneticist focused on bioethics. He specializes in evolutionary biology and medical and environmental ethics. As a priest, he serves in the Lechovice parish and in academia, he led the Institute of Ethics and Humanities at the 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University. He is also an author and popular lecturer who clearly popularizes scientific, ethical, and spiritual issues through his books and public appearances.

## Transcript

**[00:00:00]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:00:05]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:00:10]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:00:15]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:00:20]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:00:25]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:00:30]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:00:35]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:00:40]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:00:45]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:00:50]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:00:55]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:01:00]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:01:05]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:01:10]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:01:15]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:01:20]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:01:25]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:01:30]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:01:35]** Hello and good day, thank you for coming back to our channel.

**[00:01:41]** Space architect Tomáš Rousek was here.

**[00:01:45]** We looked at how Arab countries operate with Lenka Hrabalová.

**[00:01:50]** Thanks to us, Bára Stárek presented all the data from Tomáš Buchtík.

**[00:01:55]** We learned English, that was this year's first trip,

**[00:02:00]** when we broadcasted and cheered for magenta in Brno.

**[00:02:05]** A very sad message hit us at the August breakfast,

**[00:02:10]** so unfortunately, Dan Krištof is no longer with us due to illness,

**[00:02:18]** and that affected me deeply.

**[00:02:22]** I believe that breakfast was amazing and gave us hope,

**[00:02:27]** that there can be people in the state administration who are able to move things forward,

**[00:02:32]** so we will definitely remember Dan a lot and we do.

**[00:02:37]** Then Honza Tománek came, who charged us with positive energy

**[00:02:43]** from his wheelchair as an Ironman winner.

**[00:02:47]** I think he has just achieved another victory.

**[00:02:51]** Pavlína Lůženská shared with us the trends that were coming at us,

**[00:02:55]** and at the end, Richard Krajník and I looked at

**[00:02:59]** how to build a company that pays with trees.

**[00:03:02]** So this is just an overview, just to give us an idea of what

**[00:03:06]** the typical breakfast you are part of today actually was,

**[00:03:11]** what it was like at the start of 2025.

**[00:03:15]** I would actually like to add a few more things, which are,

**[00:03:19]** that for almost every breakfast we managed to create a fantastic digestive,

**[00:03:23]** which is a follow-up discussion where I always invited

**[00:03:28]** a few friends and we talked about the topic more in depth.

**[00:03:33]** These are discussions that I enjoy, I admit,

**[00:03:37]** even a little more than the breakfasts themselves, which

**[00:03:41]** kind of nicely open up and kickstart the topic, and here in the depth

**[00:03:45]** I believe lies a much greater treasure.

**[00:03:49]** I'll quickly skip here because maybe it's good to realize

**[00:03:55]** that we actually also broadcast, and here it’s for companies,

**[00:04:00]** business breakfasts, and we ran those twice.

**[00:04:05]** Many of you who are speaking are here with us today,

**[00:04:09]** and I really appreciate that. It's something we repeated twice,

**[00:04:14]** so it's really a large, large amount of broadcasts.

**[00:04:17]** And we did a lot of it.

**[00:04:20]** For all of that, thanks are due not only to the people

**[00:04:24]** who are here with us and whom I already mentioned,

**[00:04:27]** but of course to the partners without whom this wouldn't be possible.

**[00:04:30]** I want to sincerely thank Magenta Experience Center

**[00:04:33]** for hosting us long-term and for how they treat us

**[00:04:38]** and the quality we can provide thanks to them.

**[00:04:43]** Then there is Frutti Simo, just today we remembered

**[00:04:46]** the owner Honza Huml, thanks to whom you can enjoy

**[00:04:50]** a very good and healthy breakfast here on site.

**[00:04:53]** It's a pity those of you remote can't appreciate it, but you are warmly invited.

**[00:04:58]** You can come anytime and try the breakfast.

**[00:05:01]** And then there is the slide company, thanks to which you can ask questions

**[00:05:05]** and interactively participate in the breakfasts.

**[00:05:08]** I think this will be important for you today as well.

**[00:05:11]** So slowly get your mobile phone ready.

**[00:05:14]** The QR code you see there will take you to the Red Button network newsletter,

**[00:05:20]** which does a tremendous amount here for this country

**[00:05:24]** and through its individual members.

**[00:05:28]** I think it's worth checking out sometimes

**[00:05:31]** what activities are basically happening in the network.

**[00:05:35]** The QR code is a place where you get this information very condensed,

**[00:05:40]** because the reality is really

**[00:05:43]** even richer. Just today the Christmas edition

**[00:05:48]** of that newsletter came out, so you can take a look.

**[00:05:53]** But I would like to thank two people,

**[00:05:56]** without which the breakfast wouldn't exist.

**[00:05:59]** Without whom none of this would work and it would all be kind of chaotic.

**[00:06:05]** One of them is Michal. Michal is the person who stands

**[00:06:08]** not only behind the breakfasts but behind the entire EDUtéka.

**[00:06:11]** Michal is kind of invisible, he's a person who is

**[00:06:14]** a technically skilled introvert, but believe me, all the streaming

**[00:06:19]** and everything that happens is his work.

**[00:06:23]** And then, probably the most important person for the breakfasts,

**[00:06:27]** is Katka Gajard, whom I would like to warmly greet right now.

**[00:06:32]** I think, as she is a good soul, she’s not here with us,

**[00:06:35]** but somewhere pouring coffee or making sure

**[00:06:37]** that everything runs smoothly. I hope she sees this,

**[00:06:42]** hears it, and if you meet her, please thank her,

**[00:06:45]** because without her, these breakfasts really wouldn’t exist.

**[00:06:48]** It simply wouldn’t work and there would be nothing.

**[00:06:51]** So the thank yous will continue.

**[00:06:55]** Maybe for those of you who stay until the end, there is

**[00:06:59]** a little surprise, so definitely stay tuned.

**[00:07:02]** And I don’t want to drag this out today, because you didn’t come here for a recap

**[00:07:06]** or for some of my speeches, but you came for a person

**[00:07:10]** whom I deeply respect. Take out your phones,

**[00:07:15]** try scanning www.slajdu.com hashtag Brain.

**[00:07:19]** And I’ll just ask you to warm up a bit at the start.

**[00:07:23]** If this is your first breakfast or if you’ve had breakfast with us before,

**[00:07:26]** please vote. And before you do that,

**[00:07:30]** I’ll invite Mr. Marek Okovách to the stage.

**[00:07:34]** Hello, Marek.

**[00:07:36]** Honza, hi. Hey.

**[00:07:38]** Hi, hi. Good day.

**[00:07:40]** Marek, I’ll leave it to you.

**[00:07:43]** Alright, let’s go.

**[00:07:45]** It’s ready, the audience is fired up, and I’m looking forward to it.

**[00:07:48]** Thank you very much.

**[00:07:50]** Thank you very much.

**[00:07:52]** So let’s get started. Ladies and gentlemen, enjoy your meal,

**[00:07:56]** if you’re still having breakfast, and enjoy the voting as well.

**[00:07:59]** And many thanks to Honza for inviting me here to Magenta Center,

**[00:08:03]** and I’m glad to be here to speak for Red Button.

**[00:08:09]** We have 60 minutes, so once the countdown starts, it begins.

**[00:08:14]** So let’s get to it, please, and make sure we really use those 60 minutes,

**[00:08:19]** so that we learn something and maybe even be changed for the better.

**[00:08:24]** So that it's not just one lecture among many,

**[00:08:26]** but that these ideas might actually move us somehow.

**[00:08:30]** The topic here is this Christmas lecture about hope, meaning, and about

**[00:08:34]** why we actually do the things we do.

**[00:08:36]** And the final segment of this lecture will really be called

**[00:08:39]** Why we do what we do.

**[00:08:41]** We'll start with three stories you might know, that you may have heard,

**[00:08:45]** which once brought me some joy.

**[00:08:49]** The second happened, the first and third did not.

**[00:08:53]** The first is a metaphor where in a quarry they ask a stonecutter,

**[00:08:57]** what he is actually doing there, and he says, I was assigned to cut these stones.

**[00:09:01]** When they ask the second what he does, he says,

**[00:09:04]** I'm here because I think about my wife and children

**[00:09:08]** and I earn a living for them, so I exchange my work

**[00:09:12]** for food and shelter for my whole family.

**[00:09:16]** And the third answers, I am building a cathedral here.

**[00:09:20]** I already have a vision that I am part of a work that may be greater than my life.

**[00:09:25]** It is said about President Kennedy that when he visited Houston in the 1960s,

**[00:09:31]** during the Apollo missions, as American presidents do,

**[00:09:35]** he stopped and talked with astrophysicists and others.

**[00:09:40]** He noticed a young man mopping the floor with a bucket, rag, and broom,

**[00:09:47]** and because he was the American president, he asked him what he was doing.

**[00:09:51]** The young man replied, I am helping our guys get to the moon.

**[00:09:56]** So whatever work you do, you have the vision of a cathedral. And Exupery in The Little Prince says,

**[00:10:00]** if you want to build a ship, you have two options.

**[00:10:06]** Either you give your people plans and put them in front of the forest and say, here is the wood,

**[00:10:12]** and this is how you build it like this and that. Or, Exupery says, you must teach them to love the vastness of the ocean.

**[00:10:19]** So three stories that say the same thing.

**[00:10:22]** So, I make a living teaching medical ethics at the Third Medical Faculty,

**[00:10:27]** and what you see here in red on the slide is the golden rule of paramedics and doctors,

**[00:10:34]** because when we come to the hospital, we all want to be treated according to lege artis.

**[00:10:39]** That means doctors have guidelines for every diagnosis, and if you teach paramedics,

**[00:10:46]** the rescuers, we teach them the iron rule: standard procedures lead to standard results.

**[00:10:51]** Meaning you should not improvise when you arrive and there is a myocardial infarction.

**[00:10:56]** You are not expected to do acupuncture, your own ideas, or anything else.

**[00:11:01]** You should do steps one, two, three, four, five, six up to ten.

**[00:11:04]** And by the way, the countries where you want to have a heart attack in Europe are the Czech Republic and Switzerland, maybe in this order, maybe reversed.

**[00:11:12]** So standard procedures lead to standard results.

**[00:11:16]** Only that each of us, because this is not just for some company directors,

**[00:11:22]** but each of us is the leader of our own life and maybe a bit in our family

**[00:11:27]** and a bit among our friends and maybe a lot in our company,

**[00:11:31]** so a leader always enters a landscape where no rules apply.

**[00:11:37]** I have here the metaphor of Neville Chamberlain,

**[00:11:41]** to whom history is not entirely kind and admits.

**[00:11:45]** You enter a landscape where you have no idea what to do.

**[00:11:50]** You are not a god, you don't have all the information

**[00:11:53]** and you have to orient yourself and make the best decision.

**[00:11:57]** Imagine you are in the position of the British Prime Minister

**[00:12:01]** and you know that if you make a decision and sign it,

**[00:12:05]** there will be trenches and people will die, there will be blood and it will be terrible.

**[00:12:10]** And you have in your mind that Adolf promised you

**[00:12:14]** he won't go any further, that you will save peace this way.

**[00:12:18]** He surely wouldn't lie to you.

**[00:12:20]** And Churchill was banging on the table saying,

**[00:12:24]** no, we must go to war, soldiers will die,

**[00:12:28]** there will be blood, we have to do it.

**[00:12:30]** It's 2025, today we know Churchill was right,

**[00:12:34]** then it was much worse.

**[00:12:36]** Well, deciding that is not exactly easy.

**[00:12:40]** So suddenly we are in a country where standard procedures don't lead

**[00:12:44]** to standard results, where suddenly we have to decide

**[00:12:47]** and we have to prepare for making mistakes.

**[00:12:49]** Of course we will.

**[00:12:51]** Because it can't be otherwise.

**[00:12:53]** The basic thing I thought,

**[00:12:55]** that should definitely be said here today,

**[00:12:57]** is my kind of Christmas vision about words that have power.

**[00:13:02]** It is said that Václav Havel,

**[00:13:04]** some nurses report,

**[00:13:06]** what the old Borromean sisters are,

**[00:13:08]** that the last thing he said before death was,

**[00:13:10]** be careful with words.

**[00:13:12]** Be careful, words have enormous power

**[00:13:14]** and when I have a basic lecture like this,

**[00:13:17]** I just remind

**[00:13:19]** always the Aristotelian ethics,

**[00:13:21]** when this great Greek,

**[00:13:23]** 384, 322 BC,

**[00:13:25]** before our era,

**[00:13:27]** He says, you know,

**[00:13:29]** imagine that ethics is the art of living,

**[00:13:32]** and imagine,

**[00:13:34]** that your life is a big white canvas.

**[00:13:36]** Every word you say,

**[00:13:38]** every action you take,

**[00:13:40]** is a small brushstroke on that big white canvas.

**[00:13:42]** And we should live so that on the last day of life,

**[00:13:44]** when I turn around and look back,

**[00:13:46]** the canvas is perfect.

**[00:13:48]** Life is like a work of art.

**[00:13:50]** So watch your words,

**[00:13:52]** because words have power.

**[00:13:54]** And now let's take a closer look at that.

**[00:13:56]** The philosophy of language

**[00:13:58]** emerged sometime at the beginning of the 20th century,

**[00:14:00]** Wittgenstein and these guys here,

**[00:14:02]** and today the philosophy of language

**[00:14:04]** is obviously much more

**[00:14:06]** developed, precise,

**[00:14:08]** and has many nuances.

**[00:14:11]** For our lecture,

**[00:14:13]** the first very rough distinction will suffice,

**[00:14:15]** which we all know

**[00:14:17]** and should be aware of.

**[00:14:19]** The word informative and the word,

**[00:14:21]** which is called performative.

**[00:14:23]** You all know the word informative

**[00:14:25]** from TV news,

**[00:14:27]** it's a report that something happened,

**[00:14:29]** the event is closed,

**[00:14:31]** and we can expand the information

**[00:14:33]** here at Magenta Center.

**[00:14:35]** I chose here

**[00:14:37]** Milana Voldánová,

**[00:14:39]** who is announcing that our boys won

**[00:14:41]** at Gano,

**[00:14:43]** the Olympic Games,

**[00:14:45]** a huge victory.

**[00:14:49]** Nothing more can be added to the event of that hockey game.

**[00:14:51]** Nothing more can be added.

**[00:14:53]** We inform ourselves about it, we know it,

**[00:14:55]** we rejoice, everything, everything,

**[00:14:57]** but no new reality is created.

**[00:14:59]** On the right, I have this metaphor again,

**[00:15:01]** I couldn't think of a better one,

**[00:15:03]** it's that one scene

**[00:15:05]** from The Lord of the Rings,

**[00:15:07]** the good wizard Gandalf, the White,

**[00:15:09]** is fighting here with the

**[00:15:11]** evil wizard Saruman,

**[00:15:13]** and they fight by

**[00:15:15]** casting spells at each other.

**[00:15:17]** Each says a sentence,

**[00:15:19]** and that sentence hits the wall from the other side,

**[00:15:21]** then the other says a sentence,

**[00:15:23]** sometimes aided by lightning,

**[00:15:25]** and they keep hitting each other like that.

**[00:15:27]** As we'll see in a moment,

**[00:15:29]** this is not just a metaphor.

**[00:15:31]** What does the word performative mean?

**[00:15:33]** It's a word that creates a reality

**[00:15:35]** that wasn't there before

**[00:15:37]** and now is here, we all know it,

**[00:15:39]** like a wedding at the registry office.

**[00:15:41]** Yes.

**[00:15:43]** A court verdict.

**[00:15:45]** I acquit you, go home.

**[00:15:47]** Boom.

**[00:15:49]** Karolinum.

**[00:15:51]** I appoint you a doctor of general medicine.

**[00:15:53]** Spondeac policior.

**[00:15:55]** Boom.

**[00:15:57]** And suddenly the boy is a doctor of general medicine.

**[00:15:59]** Or even simply,

**[00:16:01]** I greet you. Hi.

**[00:16:03]** The word creates reality.

**[00:16:05]** If you've ever read the Holy Scripture a bit,

**[00:16:07]** I am a priest, Catholic,

**[00:16:09]** So God, when He speaks,

**[00:16:11]** never informs

**[00:16:13]** the reader about the situation,

**[00:16:15]** but God always performs.

**[00:16:17]** Let there be light. There was light.

**[00:16:19]** Let the waters above the firmament be separated from the waters below.

**[00:16:21]** So the word became flesh

**[00:16:23]** and dwelt among us.

**[00:16:25]** The Christmas mystery.

**[00:16:27]** Now I recall Christmas.

**[00:16:29]** The word, logos, the idea

**[00:16:31]** became flesh, dwelt among us.

**[00:16:33]** That actually makes sense.

**[00:16:35]** So in this first phase,

**[00:16:37]** I just want to touch on

**[00:16:39]** how the word is creative.

**[00:16:41]** What you say to each other,

**[00:16:43]** friends, partners.

**[00:16:45]** So it's not just casual.

**[00:16:47]** It's not that we're informing each other,

**[00:16:49]** but that we perform.

**[00:16:51]** If you went, for example,

**[00:16:53]** to some church,

**[00:16:55]** of course all the curses,

**[00:16:57]** blessings, and all the sacraments.

**[00:17:00]** John, I baptize you in the name

**[00:17:02]** of the Father and the Holy Spirit.

**[00:17:04]** I, John, give myself to you,

**[00:17:06]** Mary, I take you as my wife.

**[00:17:08]** Take all of this from it.

**[00:17:10]** These are all performative words.

**[00:17:12]** So now, good.

**[00:17:14]** Let's look

**[00:17:16]** at the other things.

**[00:17:18]** This is a paragraph

**[00:17:20]** by Viktor Frankl, whom you know,

**[00:17:22]** who experienced Auschwitz,

**[00:17:24]** survived, and then wrote

**[00:17:26]** a very powerful book in Czech.

**[00:17:30]** and yet say yes to life

**[00:17:32]** and other excellent things,

**[00:17:34]** that he wrote.

**[00:17:36]** This is an unassuming paragraph,

**[00:17:38]** which, if taken seriously,

**[00:17:40]** really moved me.

**[00:17:42]** Sure, conscience tells me,

**[00:17:44]** what one should do,

**[00:17:46]** we say ethics is actually based on the conditional,

**[00:17:48]** one should,

**[00:17:50]** which means I could do something else.

**[00:17:52]** But now I have to choose

**[00:17:54]** between these two options.

**[00:17:56]** And then love says,

**[00:17:58]** and we take it pragmatically,

**[00:18:00]** it's no metaphor or poetry,

**[00:18:02]** it reveals something that doesn't yet exist,

**[00:18:04]** that can only be.

**[00:18:06]** It perceives and uncovers possible values,

**[00:18:08]** instead of a loved one, put a friend.

**[00:18:10]** You.

**[00:18:12]** Love anticipates something

**[00:18:14]** in its spiritual perception,

**[00:18:16]** what a specific person may hide within,

**[00:18:18]** still unrealized

**[00:18:20]** personal possibilities.

**[00:18:22]** When I started teaching,

**[00:18:24]** I lived with the narrative,

**[00:18:26]** that the teacher's task is

**[00:18:28]** to fan the flames.

**[00:18:30]** You have the class there,

**[00:18:32]** and this one is good at guitar, that one at theater,

**[00:18:34]** this one at botany, that one at multiplication,

**[00:18:36]** you slowly fan those flames

**[00:18:38]** and it is said that

**[00:18:40]** every student must excel at something.

**[00:18:42]** Every student

**[00:18:44]** maybe is a good organizer,

**[00:18:46]** maybe has poor grades, or does excellent theater,

**[00:18:48]** also has poor grades.

**[00:18:50]** Or he's interested in botany.

**[00:18:52]** So blowing out

**[00:18:54]** little flames.

**[00:18:56]** And I have a brief historical note, I'll say it again

**[00:18:58]** and again, the teacher, but Natasa Říková

**[00:19:00]** is still alive, for me absolutely

**[00:19:02]** a formative experience

**[00:19:04]** on many levels.

**[00:19:06]** You're nine years old, you're

**[00:19:08]** in third grade of a typical communist school,

**[00:19:10]** somewhere in Brno, Žabovřesky, and the class teacher comes

**[00:19:12]** and puts a book in my hands from Deník Veselovský, always

**[00:19:14]** just about animals, but here, read this.

**[00:19:16]** Of course, the book was two

**[00:19:18]** levels above my capacity. Then I read it

**[00:19:20]** many times, again and again,

**[00:19:22]** there were passages I knew by heart,

**[00:19:24]** a beautiful introduction to ethology,

**[00:19:26]** and surely it wasn't the only

**[00:19:28]** formative influence, but

**[00:19:30]** it was one of the pieces

**[00:19:32]** of the mosaic why I later decided

**[00:19:34]** to study biology. I had no

**[00:19:36]** name day, no birthday,

**[00:19:38]** no St. Nicholas, nothing at all. I assume that

**[00:19:40]** the teacher was in a bookstore,

**[00:19:42]** noticed there was a kid who

**[00:19:44]** was so-called interested in nature, how can you

**[00:19:47]** be interested in nature at nine years old,

**[00:19:49]** bought the book, here you go, read this.

**[00:19:51]** She leaves the story.

**[00:19:53]** And yes, the rule of Vzkaucký leaders, the rule of teachers is,

**[00:19:55]** you typically don't see the fruits of your work. You sow it.

**[00:19:57]** It will bear fruit in 30, 40, 50 years, we won't be here anymore.

**[00:19:59]** But still, we have to do it and it's good that we do.

**[00:20:00]** But Frankl tells us something else as well.

**[00:20:21]** Frankl says we don't just fan those little flames,

**[00:20:26]** we can create them.

**[00:20:29]** I can ignite that little flame to start burning,

**[00:20:35]** because love reveals something that doesn't exist yet.

**[00:20:39]** What could that probably be?

**[00:20:41]** That's a topic for a big lecture.

**[00:20:43]** I'm already a bit stressed about the hours,

**[00:20:46]** but it's quite an interesting thought that goes,

**[00:20:53]** beauty creates love, beauty awakens love.

**[00:20:57]** You all know it, you go to a concert of your favorite band across half of Prague,

**[00:21:01]** you go to an art gallery somewhere,

**[00:21:05]** also across half of Prague, or you go to Vienna to see Marc Chagall or something like that,

**[00:21:08]** because that beauty awakens desire, interest, love in me,

**[00:21:13]** and I get moving.

**[00:21:15]** And we priests, when we marry people, we say,

**[00:21:18]** look, here are two young people,

**[00:21:20]** they are genuinely likable, intelligent, beautiful,

**[00:21:23]** they met, sparks flew, chemistry happened, and the rest is history.

**[00:21:27]** Wow.

**[00:21:29]** But what if it's actually the other way around.

**[00:21:32]** Or not the other way around, but on another level.

**[00:21:35]** What if I'm not so interested in,

**[00:21:38]** how those two young people are now,

**[00:21:41]** but rather who they want to become,

**[00:21:45]** how much they want to create each other.

**[00:21:47]** If the word is creative, then not only between partners,

**[00:21:51]** but after breakfast here, after the lecture, you can say to each other,

**[00:21:54]** Be the light in your soul.

**[00:21:56]** Let the waters above the lintel separate from the waters below the lintel in you.

**[00:21:59]** Let the dry land and the sea separate in you,

**[00:22:01]** and let tropical rainforests arise,

**[00:22:03]** and mountains with snowy peaks.

**[00:22:05]** If the word is performative,

**[00:22:07]** if words can create,

**[00:22:09]** then indeed I can create.

**[00:22:11]** And then I'm not so interested in,

**[00:22:13]** how young they are now,

**[00:22:15]** but I'm interested in who they can still become,

**[00:22:21]** when love anticipates

**[00:22:23]** its yet unrealized personal possibilities.

**[00:22:26]** Augustine then says,

**[00:22:28]** that the Lord God loves us,

**[00:22:30]** that is certain,

**[00:22:32]** but above all, God loves in you

**[00:22:34]** who you could be, if you would.

**[00:22:36]** God sees in every person

**[00:22:38]** what they could become,

**[00:22:40]** if they realized their

**[00:22:42]** still unrealized personal potential.

**[00:22:45]** Catherine of Siena then writes in one letter,

**[00:22:49]** if you were who you could be,

**[00:22:51]** you would set Italy on fire with a flame.

**[00:22:53]** We will return to this later.

**[00:22:55]** Andy Pekárková, a graduate of our faculty,

**[00:22:57]** once gave us a lecture about

**[00:22:59]** how to treat homeless people.

**[00:23:01]** She works in the army from Pásy

**[00:23:03]** and is already some kind of officer there,

**[00:23:05]** and she used a very fitting example

**[00:23:07]** from G. B. Shaw and Pygmalion,

**[00:23:09]** which is an ancient story

**[00:23:11]** that G. B. Shaw later adapted.

**[00:23:13]** It's about a London flower girl

**[00:23:16]** with terrible English,

**[00:23:18]** who sells flowers somewhere there,

**[00:23:20]** and the gentlemen around her start

**[00:23:22]** treating her like a lady.

**[00:23:24]** It happens to her.

**[00:23:26]** If you treat a homeless person like a homeless person,

**[00:23:28]** they will remain one.

**[00:23:30]** Words have power.

**[00:23:32]** Words have power.

**[00:23:34]** We will get back to this a little later.

**[00:23:36]** You can just look to the right,

**[00:23:38]** this is probably the oldest

**[00:23:40]** optical illusion I found

**[00:23:42]** on the internet from 1915,

**[00:23:44]** or three ladies.

**[00:23:46]** And maybe a better metaphor

**[00:23:48]** are these two faces.

**[00:23:50]** And now, pay attention to how we communicate.

**[00:23:52]** Because it can do both.

**[00:23:54]** And today we live in a time,

**[00:23:56]** to go back to that,

**[00:23:58]** if you glanced

**[00:24:00]** to the right and left

**[00:24:02]** or remember your colleagues

**[00:24:04]** from work, from the company or similar,

**[00:24:06]** and took a moment of caution

**[00:24:08]** and some effort,

**[00:24:10]** and tried to consistently find

**[00:24:12]** one bad trait

**[00:24:14]** in your neighbor.

**[00:24:16]** You would find it.

**[00:24:18]** And it wouldn’t take you long.

**[00:24:20]** And today we live in a time when if something like that happens,

**[00:24:22]** you immediately post it on Facebook.

**[00:24:24]** The Gospel of Matthew says,

**[00:24:26]** if your brother sins against you, do not

**[00:24:28]** immediately go to social media.

**[00:24:30]** And you will argue fiercely,

**[00:24:34]** that there are two sides to the story.

**[00:24:36]** That it is a service to the truth.

**[00:24:38]** We live in a hot mess, let’s be honest.

**[00:24:40]** Someone here, friends, should say

**[00:24:42]** the emperor has no clothes.

**[00:24:44]** Look at the reality.

**[00:24:46]** But remember, with words,

**[00:24:48]** you not only describe,

**[00:24:50]** but also create.

**[00:24:52]** It’s similar with art.

**[00:24:54]** We say art describes reality.

**[00:24:56]** Yes, but it also creates it.

**[00:24:58]** If I read Winnetou and Old Shatterhand

**[00:25:00]** at thirteen, I think,

**[00:25:02]** I want to be like them.

**[00:25:04]** Brave, honorable, and so on.

**[00:25:06]** There is no young person who reads that and thinks about suicide.

**[00:25:08]** Art creates reality.

**[00:25:12]** Every art.

**[00:25:14]** So, attentive words.

**[00:25:16]** Yes, gossip kills three people.

**[00:25:18]** The one who speaks it,

**[00:25:20]** the one it is about,

**[00:25:22]** and the one who hears it.

**[00:25:24]** A strict rule.

**[00:25:26]** Never speak badly of others

**[00:25:28]** and beware of those who do.

**[00:25:30]** I know who might attack you.

**[00:25:32]** But if I'm not a parent,

**[00:25:34]** maybe somewhat knowledgeable about cases,

**[00:25:36]** maybe a bit of a teacher,

**[00:25:38]** and maybe a novice master in a monastery,

**[00:25:40]** I must always carefully consider

**[00:25:42]** if I really have to

**[00:25:44]** reproach or say something bad.

**[00:25:48]** That is the question.

**[00:25:50]** Sometimes I have to do it.

**[00:25:52]** On the other hand, remember,

**[00:25:54]** that when you say a good quality,

**[00:25:56]** you can't do a better service to your friend

**[00:26:00]** that day or that year.

**[00:26:02]** Because words create.

**[00:26:04]** And it is said, yes, if I feel before Christmas

**[00:26:06]** that I am alone, no one praises me,

**[00:26:09]** thanks me, or appreciates me,

**[00:26:11]** the only option is to start praising,

**[00:26:13]** thanking, and appreciating,

**[00:26:16]** to look around

**[00:26:18]** and see what usually happens,

**[00:26:20]** Mrs. Katarina here somewhere at the bar,

**[00:26:22]** regularly and it's completely normal,

**[00:26:24]** so I thank her for that.

**[00:26:26]** I appreciate a good quality.

**[00:26:28]** Look right and left around you

**[00:26:31]** and find that one golden thread,

**[00:26:33]** that one good quality

**[00:26:36]** and name it.

**[00:26:40]** And watch out, words create reality.

**[00:26:43]** Words create reality.

**[00:26:45]** When you name it, maybe your friend

**[00:26:47]** is exactly waiting for that.

**[00:26:49]** Because maybe they aren't sure themselves.

**[00:26:51]** Maybe they need to hear it.

**[00:26:53]** You create light in another person's soul.

**[00:26:57]** Let the waters separate in you

**[00:26:59]** under the brim, above the brim.

**[00:27:01]** So maybe this is the most important thing

**[00:27:03]** you can do.

**[00:27:05]** And suddenly you realize

**[00:27:07]** that in the picture there is a chalice

**[00:27:09]** and that is also true.

**[00:27:11]** Of course, both views are correct,

**[00:27:13]** in the sense of truthful,

**[00:27:15]** but watch how you name things,

**[00:27:17]** because you create.

**[00:27:19]** All teachers have experience with this.

**[00:27:21]** I remember my various stories,

**[00:27:23]** when a person then cries

**[00:27:26]** and feels bad because of it,

**[00:27:28]** when you have a little scout there

**[00:27:30]** and you think of something completely different

**[00:27:32]** and you say to him, you with the little hammer,

**[00:27:34]** you would never, you’re just clumsy.

**[00:27:36]** And he likes you.

**[00:27:38]** And what the beloved leader says to him,

**[00:27:40]** he really takes as the word of God,

**[00:27:42]** that this is how it is.

**[00:27:44]** I will never learn this.

**[00:27:46]** Then you apologize in various ways and so on,

**[00:27:48]** but when a bad word comes at the wrong time,

**[00:27:50]** it can cause huge damage.

**[00:27:52]** And on the other hand,

**[00:27:54]** a good word at the right time.

**[00:27:56]** So watch out, watch out

**[00:27:58]** for words.

**[00:28:00]** When we had Gandalf and Saruman here,

**[00:28:04]** So it looks like a metaphor.

**[00:28:06]** The curses and such against each other,

**[00:28:08]** so here I quote

**[00:28:10]** our MEP

**[00:28:12]** Michala Šojdrová, who says,

**[00:28:14]** that more than 10 children a year commit suicide due to cyberbullying in our country,

**[00:28:16]** well, the word kills.

**[00:28:18]** Social networks,

**[00:28:20]** that's a bubble.

**[00:28:22]** It's a kind of world that isn't real

**[00:28:24]** in that sense.

**[00:28:26]** It's something that might be invisible.

**[00:28:28]** And yet,

**[00:28:30]** words can kill.

**[00:28:32]** I've never been bullied so-called

**[00:28:34]** on the internet, boom, I commit suicide.

**[00:28:36]** So certainly here,

**[00:28:38]** in the opposite sense of the word,

**[00:28:40]** but we don't underestimate the power of words.

**[00:28:42]** Performative words.

**[00:28:44]** So, moving on, the situation.

**[00:28:46]** And here again,

**[00:28:48]** theologically it is said,

**[00:28:50]** yes, God sees you, boy,

**[00:28:52]** but He looks searchingly,

**[00:28:54]** He looks at every person

**[00:28:56]** extremely searchingly,

**[00:28:58]** but tries to recognize there

**[00:29:00]** that one single golden thread.

**[00:29:02]** That is the one golden thread that is there.

**[00:29:04]** Something to hold on to.

**[00:29:06]** And then work with that.

**[00:29:08]** So something

**[00:29:10]** very practical, pragmatic

**[00:29:12]** in your companies, in your

**[00:29:14]** families or groups of friends.

**[00:29:16]** Rules of etiquette.

**[00:29:18]** As I teach it

**[00:29:24]** medical ethics, so clearly,

**[00:29:26]** ethics is something completely different from etiquette.

**[00:29:28]** But what do they have

**[00:29:30]** a little in common? When we have

**[00:29:32]** medical ethics, we say to students

**[00:29:34]** or doctors,

**[00:29:36]** as we sit here at breakfast,

**[00:29:38]** we are all good people.

**[00:29:40]** We want good, none of us is evil.

**[00:29:42]** And now medical ethics is about,

**[00:29:44]** when working with a patient,

**[00:29:46]** giving something, not giving,

**[00:29:48]** signing something, so that in the end

**[00:29:50]** everyone is satisfied

**[00:29:52]** and good is done,

**[00:29:54]** so we identify the interests and rights

**[00:29:56]** of each of the players.

**[00:30:00]** so that we do what makes sense.

**[00:30:04]** Etiquette is something similar, simpler in the sense that etiquette Gutiarkovský also says,

**[00:30:12]** we are all good, decent people here and imagine, or let's imagine,

**[00:30:18]** that in the evening we attend a reception in this group and etiquette is basically the study of

**[00:30:25]** so that when you go to bed at midnight, you all feel it was good.

**[00:30:30]** No one insulted, mocked, was sarcastic, or made fun,

**[00:30:36]** and that is the alchemy of those rules.

**[00:30:38]** Gutiarkovský says politeness is innate, courtesy we must learn.

**[00:30:44]** And that is the alchemy of rules, who holds the door for whom, who helps with the coat,

**[00:30:49]** when someone drops a piece of food, we don't comment, we are not funny or sarcastic.

**[00:30:54]** When someone breaks etiquette, for example a young man shakes the hand of a deserved 80-year-old company leader

**[00:31:03]** and squeezes it, we don't comment, we let it be, we overlook it.

**[00:31:07]** When someone, on the other hand, offers a hand to someone they shouldn't, we also don't comment, don't say,

**[00:31:12]** but according to etiquette it should be like this.

**[00:31:15]** Adam Dolník, our negotiator, has a great book on this

**[00:31:18]** and I'll share two stories that are a bit funny to me.

**[00:31:22]** He says, you know, everyone says, St. James says, the Gospels say, Špaček says, Dolník says,

**[00:31:31]** everyone says that when there's small talk in those little groups, don't talk too much.

**[00:31:38]** Ask questions, listen, be interested.

**[00:31:42]** The better feeling from the conversation is had by the one who talks, not the one who listens.

**[00:31:48]** Be the one who listens.

**[00:31:50]** Dolník says nicely, if someone in conversation tells you they were on vacation

**[00:31:56]** and had two-meter waves, great topic.

**[00:32:00]** Vacation, hobbies, food, drinks, wine, sports, interests—you probably can't go wrong there.

**[00:32:08]** Politics, be careful.

**[00:32:11]** If you ask young people how many kids they have, maybe none, maybe they've been through six cycles of assisted reproduction.

**[00:32:18]** And it's a huge painful topic for them.

**[00:32:20]** Better to leave those questions alone.

**[00:32:22]** Of course, sexual orientation.

**[00:32:24]** If someone tells you, OK, I won't ask further because I might embarrass them.

**[00:32:29]** Food, sports, hobbies, entertainment, vacation—you can't go wrong.

**[00:32:33]** And if someone tells you they had two-meter waves on vacation,

**[00:32:37]** ask questions, show interest—where it was, how the sea was, how they enjoyed it,

**[00:32:41]** but never say that you had four-meter waves on your vacation.

**[00:32:47]** Nobody cares.

**[00:32:49]** You mustn't slam someone like that; it puts them down, makes them look ridiculous.

**[00:32:54]** If you've been to Croatia twenty times on vacation in the summer,

**[00:33:00]** you've been everywhere there,

**[00:33:02]** and a young guy comes to you and says he was in Croatia,

**[00:33:06]** and that it's unbelievable that beer is more expensive there than here,

**[00:33:10]** and he says he speaks a foreign language there.

**[00:33:12]** Be quiet, ask questions, show interest about the beer,

**[00:33:15]** what language it was, where he stayed, how the sea was,

**[00:33:18]** and you have more and more topics.

**[00:33:20]** Never say you've been there twenty times.

**[00:33:23]** You put them down, make them look ridiculous.

**[00:33:25]** So be careful, words have power.

**[00:33:28]** Words have power.

**[00:33:30]** And these aren't just Gandalf's words, but words we commonly use.

**[00:33:34]** So listen a lot.

**[00:33:38]** Topics the other person might not necessarily be interested in,

**[00:33:42]** consider whether you really need to say that you have a raven in your kitchen,

**[00:33:46]** that your cat vomited in your son's closet,

**[00:33:50]** that you're getting divorced, that you have a broken heart,

**[00:33:53]** that you broke up with your girlfriend.

**[00:33:55]** Consider if these are topics the other person really needs to hear.

**[00:33:59]** Maybe yes, but maybe not.

**[00:34:01]** We borrowed this also for the medical environment

**[00:34:05]** from primary and secondary schools.

**[00:34:08]** What is called the hidden curriculum,

**[00:34:10]** is basically why you come to these breakfasts.

**[00:34:14]** Maybe you could say it's what doesn't fit into evaluations.

**[00:34:18]** Špaček says, yeah sure, here in Prague, for example,

**[00:34:22]** I don't know, yeah, 20 excellent restaurants,

**[00:34:24]** you go to those three and you're not afraid to take a special guest there,

**[00:34:28]** because of the atmosphere.

**[00:34:30]** Because the waiters and service are fast,

**[00:34:32]** not pushy, but very polite,

**[00:34:35]** because the food is good,

**[00:34:37]** because you won't embarrass yourself with your foreign guest.

**[00:34:42]** So the hidden curriculum is

**[00:34:44]** what doesn't fit into evaluations.

**[00:34:46]** But it is still important,

**[00:34:48]** elementary or high school,

**[00:34:50]** whether the door to the staff room was open or closed,

**[00:34:54]** whether you had to knock hard,

**[00:34:56]** or if you could see right away,

**[00:34:58]** whether the teacher was there or not.

**[00:35:00]** Whether teachers had their own table at lunch,

**[00:35:04]** or if they were mixed in with the staff.

**[00:35:06]** Whether teachers were cut in line for lunch,

**[00:35:09]** or not.

**[00:35:11]** That doesn't fit into evaluations,

**[00:35:13]** and you can justify it nicely,

**[00:35:15]** of course you have to let them cut in line,

**[00:35:17]** teacher time is valuable, and so on,

**[00:35:19]** but it's a message for your students.

**[00:35:21]** So the atmosphere, what can't be put into words.

**[00:35:25]** And now something a bit funnier,

**[00:35:27]** but also important.

**[00:35:29]** For doctors, lectures on burnout syndrome,

**[00:35:32]** I use this slide and the next one.

**[00:35:35]** This is a hymn by Žačka Otokar Březina,

**[00:35:40]** our fascinating poet.

**[00:35:42]** He died, I think, in 1929.

**[00:35:44]** He was nominated eight times, I believe, for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

**[00:35:48]** He never received it and probably never really wanted it.

**[00:35:51]** A remarkable figure.

**[00:35:53]** I don't know how familiar you are with his poetry.

**[00:35:55]** I have a sad youth.

**[00:35:57]** I had a very difficult youth,

**[00:35:59]** because my parents were intellectuals,

**[00:36:02]** and Březina's was even worse.

**[00:36:04]** And in glass coffins, how to light dead bodies,

**[00:36:07]** my youth lay in the silence of faded springs.

**[00:36:11]** This is how Březina remembers his youth.

**[00:36:13]** And now his student here says,

**[00:36:15]** he taught us to passionately love even our homeland,

**[00:36:18]** our mother tongue.

**[00:36:20]** Before his lesson, the classroom was silent,

**[00:36:22]** our eyes looked toward the door, waiting for it to open

**[00:36:24]** and reveal the mysterious figure of the strict teacher.

**[00:36:28]** It was so quiet you could hear a pin drop.

**[00:36:32]** I don't know what Otokar Březina would say,

**[00:36:34]** if he could appear here now for breakfast,

**[00:36:37]** because his most frequently quoted line,

**[00:36:41]** as I was able to capture it,

**[00:36:43]** surprisingly is not from any poem,

**[00:36:46]** but from his letter to Mrs. Aně Pamrová.

**[00:36:50]** There are many versions online.

**[00:36:52]** This is the original with the quote you can use.

**[00:36:56]** Březina classifies his students like this

**[00:36:58]** and I know no better definition of burnout syndrome.

**[00:37:02]** Children coming to school are evil,

**[00:37:04]** self-willed, poorly raised beings,

**[00:37:06]** cunning, malicious, spoiled, rebellious,

**[00:37:09]** instinctively hostile,

**[00:37:11]** and in large percentage amazingly incompetent.

**[00:37:13]** I return after five hours exhausted,

**[00:37:15]** disgusted, numb, clouded,

**[00:37:17]** dull, faint, and worn out.

**[00:37:21]** In 1919 Březina received from the state,

**[00:37:24]** who took pity on him, a lifetime pension,

**[00:37:26]** so he no longer had to teach and could focus only on poetry.

**[00:37:28]** But remember Andy Pekárková.

**[00:37:32]** If you treat homeless people like homeless people,

**[00:37:34]** they will remain homeless.

**[00:37:36]** If I come to the faculty

**[00:37:40]** and consider the medical students' auditorium

**[00:37:42]** as evil, self-willed, poorly raised beings,

**[00:37:44]** cunning, malicious, spoiled, rebellious,

**[00:37:46]** instinctively hostile,

**[00:37:48]** and in large percentage amazingly incompetent,

**[00:37:50]** so they become them.

**[00:37:53]** They become them.

**[00:37:55]** Watch out, words have power.

**[00:37:57]** Words have power, so be careful.

**[00:37:59]** Unfortunately, I don't have the citation from Respekt,

**[00:38:01]** a long time ago,

**[00:38:03]** it was in the 90s.

**[00:38:05]** They told a story whose truth,

**[00:38:07]** I firmly believe,

**[00:38:09]** but I really don't have the citation,

**[00:38:11]** about how they divided the class like this: A students,

**[00:38:13]** B students, and the other group

**[00:38:15]** were C to F students.

**[00:38:17]** And now you pay so that the teachers

**[00:38:19]** can teach both halves.

**[00:38:21]** This half is excellent,

**[00:38:23]** disciplined, creative, good grades,

**[00:38:25]** and objectively better results.

**[00:38:27]** The other half is worse, undisciplined,

**[00:38:29]** the kids were chatting, and during tests

**[00:38:31]** objectively worse results,

**[00:38:33]** objectively empirically measurable.

**[00:38:35]** You might guess it was a trick,

**[00:38:37]** the class was divided randomly.

**[00:38:39]** The only variable was the teacher's expectation.

**[00:38:41]** Everything else was exactly the same.

**[00:38:43]** So watch out, words have power.

**[00:38:45]** A person's expectation has

**[00:38:47]** enormous power.

**[00:38:50]** Words are therefore creative.

**[00:39:00]** Let's move on to get to this.

**[00:39:04]** For example, fairy tales often highlight this,

**[00:39:06]** which often play with it,

**[00:39:08]** and of course say it in a fairy-tale way,

**[00:39:12]** but as it comes from the unconscious,

**[00:39:14]** there is the experience.

**[00:39:16]** A prince kisses a frog who has a crown,

**[00:39:19]** and she becomes a princess with him.

**[00:39:21]** And the kiss is a sign of love.

**[00:39:23]** If I love someone, then they can

**[00:39:25]** to become a princess from that being.

**[00:39:27]** Sleeping Beauty sleeps,

**[00:39:29]** the prince kisses her,

**[00:39:31]** the bushes part,

**[00:39:33]** she starts to function.

**[00:39:35]** The duckling suddenly understands,

**[00:39:37]** that everyone is laughing at him,

**[00:39:39]** and suddenly realizes he is a swan.

**[00:39:41]** So watch out for others' expectations,

**[00:39:43]** because words

**[00:39:45]** are creative, words have power.

**[00:39:48]** Aristotle,

**[00:39:50]** I'll say it without a slide,

**[00:39:52]** he pays almost obsessive attention,

**[00:39:54]** almost like an anxiety-driven attention

**[00:39:56]** to whom you choose as friends.

**[00:39:58]** Which we normally don't do.

**[00:40:00]** We just have some friends from school, or I don't know, from sports club, from church maybe, or so.

**[00:40:06]** And Aristotle says, no, if ethics is the pursuit of a good life,

**[00:40:10]** for him ethics is the answer to the question, what should I do to live a successful life.

**[00:40:15]** And if you want to live a successful life, if you really want to learn the art of living,

**[00:40:20]** and want the last day when you look back to have the most beautiful picture you painted,

**[00:40:26]** he says, now look around you, if there is someone whose life succeeded.

**[00:40:31]** And if yes, grab onto them and never let go.

**[00:40:35]** Make them your friend and learn how they dress, how they raise children,

**[00:40:41]** how they get up to the alarm, how they eat their food on the plate, all these little things.

**[00:40:46]** Like Judaism, which has stories for everything, sure, I go to our rabbi,

**[00:40:51]** but not to adopt his wisdom, that doesn't matter,

**[00:40:54]** but to see how they tie their shoelaces, and that's exactly it.

**[00:40:59]** Then comes Christakis and Fowler, in 2009 they wrote a beautiful book about the power of social interactions,

**[00:41:07]** where they say everything you know, that in dorms, in college,

**[00:41:11]** your roommate has excellent grades, you have a good chance your grades will go up too.

**[00:41:18]** Your friends don't smoke, you have a good chance you won't either.

**[00:41:22]** Your friends are generally cheerful and happy people, you have a good chance you'll be too.

**[00:41:28]** You are part of a Facebook group that complains about everything and everyone,

**[00:41:32]** you have a pretty good chance you'll be unhappy, frustrated, and complain too.

**[00:41:37]** Your environment changes you more than you think.

**[00:41:43]** Frankl has a beautiful story where he tells about a patient,

**[00:41:49]** who woke him up by phone in the middle of the night and told him her intention to commit suicide.

**[00:41:55]** Frankl took it seriously and laid out argument after argument to stop her.

**[00:42:02]** and he tried to rationally handle it and he succeeded, and the woman eventually hung on after two hours.

**[00:42:09]** and she said she promised him she wouldn't commit suicide.

**[00:42:13]** So afterwards, Frankl asked her which argument was the strongest.

**[00:42:20]** What convinced you? She said it was this,

**[00:42:24]** that you were willing to talk with me for two hours at night, that you gave me two hours of your sleep,

**[00:42:30]** and that I am such a valuable person to you that you invested this in me.

**[00:42:39]** Be careful, this probably needs no further comment.

**[00:42:46]** This is Banksy, the famous street artist, and this relates to huge creativity.

**[00:42:52]** You know the term brain rot better than I do, and this is really how it works.

**[00:42:58]** Remember, the best ideas always start when you're driving to work in the morning,

**[00:43:03]** your brain is idling, and then ideas just pop up like this, then you arrive at work,

**[00:43:07]** and maybe just write down the first 10 minutes and you have a beautiful chapter for a book.

**[00:43:12]** So be careful about this also spiritually, when someone says, as you wish,

**[00:43:18]** if I am a pastor, that people should live with God.

**[00:43:22]** If they can't even live like this among themselves, if lovers kiss like this.

**[00:43:27]** Let's move to a similar topic, approached a bit differently.

**[00:43:31]** In 1946, two important books were published.

**[00:43:35]** Karl Jaspers, whom I don't have here for time reasons, wrote The Question of Guilt,

**[00:43:40]** a fascinating, very powerful book.

**[00:43:43]** If you know Karl Jaspers, he is a German philosopher,

**[00:43:46]** one of the few philosophers who never got involved with Nazism.

**[00:43:50]** His wife was Jewish, both spouses were repeatedly threatened with deportation.

**[00:43:55]** Even in March 1945.

**[00:43:57]** In 1937, he was expelled from the university and banned from writing.

**[00:44:01]** Jaspers never divorced; he went through it all with his head held high.

**[00:44:06]** And then, just to say briefly, he asks absolutely important questions.

**[00:44:12]** Maybe they will be useful to us in the coming years.

**[00:44:16]** Jaspers says, what was I supposed to do?

**[00:44:19]** We saw that the Jewish population,

**[00:44:22]** was being taken to the stations, transported somewhere.

**[00:44:27]** We noticed that no letters or postcards ever came back.

**[00:44:31]** What was I supposed to do? If I protested loudly, they would shoot me.

**[00:44:35]** Should they have shot me? Maybe yes, maybe no, they didn't care.

**[00:44:40]** What else was I supposed to do?

**[00:44:43]** Then he says yes, we went to our restaurants,

**[00:44:46]** we went to our cafes, we socialized, life went on.

**[00:44:52]** And the second thing, maybe for this lecture,

**[00:44:55]** is that after 1640, young people came to me and said,

**[00:45:00]** how can we still rely on our intuition,

**[00:45:05]** on our conscience, because we believed in it.

**[00:45:09]** We believed that Adolf was leading us to freedom,

**[00:45:13]** to that beautiful Third Reich and that we were fighting for a good cause.

**[00:45:17]** Now we realize it was a bubble,

**[00:45:19]** that it wasn't true at all, that it was a lie.

**[00:45:21]** Alright, but can I still trust my conscience until the end of my life?

**[00:45:27]** So how is it then?

**[00:45:29]** Ruth Benedict writes a completely different book.

**[00:45:32]** I'll touch on just one aspect of this book,

**[00:45:35]** where we are in a completely different story, across the ocean,

**[00:45:39]** again about Pearl Harbor.

**[00:45:41]** The Americans found out they had no idea who they were fighting against.

**[00:45:45]** They didn't know what was going on because the Japanese behaved very strangely.

**[00:45:50]** For example, prisoners didn't write letters home at all.

**[00:45:53]** So they asked what the rules of the game were, what etiquette they had,

**[00:45:58]** what ethics they followed, what their real goals were.

**[00:46:01]** How is it possible they are such fanatical fighters?

**[00:46:04]** Then it all led to this.

**[00:46:06]** There was Okinawa, then Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

**[00:46:09]** And they asked this woman Ruth Benedict, who studied it,

**[00:46:13]** and then wrote a book about it in 1946.

**[00:46:16]** True, the book is criticized for being too shallow,

**[00:46:20]** but Wikipedia states that two million copies were sold in Japan.

**[00:46:24]** So it must have touched on something.

**[00:46:26]** And there is Jaspers' culture of Guilt and culture of Shame.

**[00:46:30]** And I'll say it very briefly, due to time constraints.

**[00:46:33]** The culture of Shame might be what we have now.

**[00:46:37]** Maybe it's somewhat Judeo-Christian in the sense

**[00:46:42]** that you don't join the eternal doers of evil.

**[00:46:45]** We all know what we should do.

**[00:46:48]** Spectators along the track either whistle or applaud,

**[00:46:52]** either give thumbs up or thumbs down, but you run the race.

**[00:46:56]** You know what to do, you know who you are, you know where you're going,

**[00:46:59]** and maybe people applaud you or maybe they throw insults.

**[00:47:04]** It doesn't matter. It doesn't matter.

**[00:47:06]** But you know you are doing right.

**[00:47:09]** If I sin, then I am a good person,

**[00:47:12]** who commits a bad deed, and the deed can always be corrected.

**[00:47:16]** With an apology, restitution, returning what I stole,

**[00:47:20]** apologizing for the insult, and so on.

**[00:47:23]** On the other hand, Macbeth, if you know Shakespeare,

**[00:47:27]** You definitely know, right, Macbeth becomes king

**[00:47:31]** and he knows very well that it was terrible,

**[00:47:35]** that he committed murder, killed Duncan.

**[00:47:37]** And people applaud him and everything.

**[00:47:39]** And Shakespeare says, but the claws of conscience tear me apart,

**[00:47:43]** the bloody scars are there, everyone is applauding me,

**[00:47:47]** but I know that what happened was really awful.

**[00:47:51]** And I won't find peace.

**[00:47:53]** That's a culture of guilt and it concerns a person's deed.

**[00:47:58]** While the culture of Shame, it's said more,

**[00:48:01]** this is today's Facebook culture,

**[00:48:04]** where the only commandment of the Ten Commandments is,

**[00:48:07]** what would people say about it.

**[00:48:10]** The shifting sands of morality, which 10 years ago was a bit different,

**[00:48:16]** which 5 years ago was completely different,

**[00:48:19]** what you could get away with 15 years ago, you can't now,

**[00:48:22]** and who knows what it will be like in a month and so on.

**[00:48:26]** And the only thing I care about is to be a celebrity,

**[00:48:29]** in the sense that you give me likes.

**[00:48:31]** And the worst thing that can happen to me

**[00:48:33]** is that you give me dislikes.

**[00:48:35]** And watch out, in the culture of Shame,

**[00:48:37]** here I quote Ruth Benedict,

**[00:48:40]** I am attacked as a person.

**[00:48:42]** Restitution is basically impossible.

**[00:48:45]** I have here the metaphor of Hoříma and Panenko,

**[00:48:48]** maybe you know the famous Forman film,

**[00:48:50]** when the village dance loses power,

**[00:48:54]** the fuses blow for a moment,

**[00:48:56]** and when the light comes back on,

**[00:48:58]** half of the winnings from the dance are stolen.

**[00:49:01]** So the announcer said,

**[00:49:03]** this just isn't possible for us,

**[00:49:04]** so now we'll turn off the light

**[00:49:06]** and everyone will put it back.

**[00:49:08]** They turn off the light and the other half is stolen.

**[00:49:10]** And the announcer said again,

**[00:49:12]** then the power somehow comes back on

**[00:49:14]** and one of the main characters is just carrying the ham

**[00:49:16]** or something like that

**[00:49:18]** and basically he ended up socially isolated in that village.

**[00:49:22]** That's absolutely irreparable,

**[00:49:24]** because we live in a culture of Shame,

**[00:49:26]** this will never be forgiven for the rest of your life.

**[00:49:29]** The end.

**[00:49:30]** You can't just take an electronic DAF.

**[00:49:33]** So quicksand

**[00:49:35]** and in a culture of Shame, you can apologize as many times as you want,

**[00:49:39]** it still won't help you.

**[00:49:41]** It's useless, it's pointless.

**[00:49:43]** So be careful again with your words

**[00:49:46]** and whether you have a gyroscope

**[00:49:49]** or a compass.

**[00:49:51]** So good.

**[00:49:54]** Let's, let's, let's move on.

**[00:49:56]** The desire to be praised, appreciated by others.

**[00:50:00]** That my life has value if you praise me, if you don't, my life has no value.

**[00:50:05]** In a culture of guilt, my life has value regardless of what others think of me.

**[00:50:12]** So public shaming. Good, good, good. Let's, let's, let's move on.

**[00:50:16]** I'll leave you an offering.

**[00:50:18]** And now, because Honza told me it should also be about hope, like a Christmas hope,

**[00:50:23]** let's try to add some hope now.

**[00:50:27]** And this is a hugely important thing, friends, watch out, because, well, you all know the introduction,

**[00:50:32]** we have the seven virtues, the Greek virtues: wisdom, justice, courage, temperance,

**[00:50:38]** the theological virtues: faith, hope, love.

**[00:50:41]** And because we are artists and you make sculptures, for example in kuksa or similar, you need to have,

**[00:50:47]** it's pointless, you need to have the seven deadly sins or seven vices,

**[00:50:51]** so that when you make the sculpture group, it is symmetrical in the mirror.

**[00:50:55]** Of course, it's all subjective which seven deadly sins,

**[00:51:00]** everyone can add some others, but so that it works.

**[00:51:03]** And now a strange thing, hope is a virtue, like I can hope

**[00:51:10]** that the football match will go well, we will play with Jirsko, but that's not really a virtue,

**[00:51:17]** that's just some hoping or that it will turn out well, but why should hope be a virtue?

**[00:51:23]** I say a virtue is a trained ability, you could say.

**[00:51:29]** The virtue of a knife is that it cuts well.

**[00:51:32]** The virtue of a surgeon is that they perform their operations well.

**[00:51:35]** The virtue of a violinist is that they play the violin well.

**[00:51:38]** Then there are, of course, moral virtues.

**[00:51:41]** Now a short introduction to Christian theology, because I will show you a picture here

**[00:51:49]** and I sometimes show it to our medical students to ask them what is wrong with it, if anything.

**[00:51:57]** And there are ethical systems that say there's nothing wrong with it.

**[00:52:03]** Everything is fine.

**[00:52:05]** The first time I encountered this was long ago at a train station, when I was reading the New York Times.

**[00:52:10]** Hikikomori, in Czech, means withdrawing into oneself, closing oneself off.

**[00:52:16]** I think 'couch potatoes' isn't quite the right translation.

**[00:52:19]** That's more like a lazy person watching Homer Simpson or football.

**[00:52:23]** But that's not it.

**[00:52:25]** There are over a million young people, estimated between 15-30,

**[00:52:32]** who live in their rooms, where typically it's not very tidy, usually dim,

**[00:52:38]** where there's usually a big computer screen, where they either play computer games,

**[00:52:43]** or watch teams, parties, and so on, or not,

**[00:52:47]** and just watch so-called cat videos, those quick clips,

**[00:52:51]** the fast dopamine hits, as we know them.

**[00:52:53]** And in this state, they can live for months or years,

**[00:52:56]** either devoted parents or some delivery service,

**[00:52:59]** bring them some spaghetti, and basically they don't leave the room and are content.

**[00:53:05]** So they don't lie, steal, kill, slander, and don't harm anyone.

**[00:53:12]** Freedom ends where your freedom begins.

**[00:53:15]** What's wrong? Nothing.

**[00:53:18]** Many ethical systems would say absolutely nothing,

**[00:53:21]** Aristotle would be outraged.

**[00:53:24]** And that's the academic view, of course.

**[00:53:27]** They would say, but the task of a person is to go out here to Pankrác and save the world.

**[00:53:34]** And transform the world for the better.

**[00:53:36]** Comenius says every person has a mission.

**[00:53:40]** So now we'll leave the hikikomori and take a short trip into scholasticism,

**[00:53:47]** where one thing Christianity came to realize,

**[00:53:52]** is that it lifts you up like a collar,

**[00:53:56]** pulls you out and tells you, the fate of the world depends on you.

**[00:54:01]** There are no small roles.

**[00:54:03]** The founder of Christianity then says, whoever is faithful in a small thing is faithful in a great thing,

**[00:54:07]** which we can translate as saying there are no small things.

**[00:54:13]** There are no small good deeds.

**[00:54:15]** There is no small word.

**[00:54:17]** So the fate of the world depends on you.

**[00:54:21]** Moses Maimonides, the 13th-century rabbi, a contemporary of Thomas,

**[00:54:26]** says, imagine there's a Tolkien-like battle outside between good and evil.

**[00:54:31]** You are the tipping point on the scales.

**[00:54:33]** How your day goes determines which side wins.

**[00:54:36]** So we return to the power of hope, because the Judeo-Christian tradition tells you,

**[00:54:41]** That a person is in statu viatoris.

**[00:54:44]** That means we are always walking forward.

**[00:54:48]** We work on ourselves.

**[00:54:50]** We are self-creating the self.

**[00:54:52]** I am capable of changing, transforming for the better.

**[00:54:54]** And I should want to transform for the better.

**[00:54:57]** Many lectures about self-acceptance.

**[00:54:59]** It's great when I accept myself as I am.

**[00:55:03]** You realize that self-acceptance can become an act of deep resignation.

**[00:55:07]** I accept myself as I am, and so on.

**[00:55:09]** And CD, as you will see, is the trait that a person wants to stay small,

**[00:55:15]** so they don't have to face the demands of greatness.

**[00:55:19]** That I'd rather watch Netflix than go out into the world

**[00:55:24]** and try to do something with that world.

**[00:55:28]** The act of hope means that we are on the path.

**[00:55:31]** Two mortal sins against hope.

**[00:55:33]** The first is despair, which tells you,

**[00:55:36]** expect nothing more from life than this breakfast.

**[00:55:40]** That's it.

**[00:55:43]** Good food, good wine, that golf vacation, don't want anything more.

**[00:55:49]** That's it.

**[00:55:51]** And there is no way forward.

**[00:55:53]** And Acedia says, there is a way forward, but I don't dare.

**[00:55:57]** It starts like this for me.

**[00:55:59]** So let's go, this is a book about plant intelligence,

**[00:56:04]** and otherwise here is this one.

**[00:56:06]** This image is from 15.9.

**[00:56:08]** That means the modern age has just begun.

**[00:56:10]** I'll go through it quickly.

**[00:56:12]** From left to right, this is the classic high school Aristotle,

**[00:56:15]** pretty much how it's always taught.

**[00:56:17]** Mineral, petra, rock.

**[00:56:19]** So that's just est, is.

**[00:56:21]** Then the tree, arbor, that's vegetabile, it is and also lives.

**[00:56:27]** That's why authors who write about plant intelligence give us this.

**[00:56:30]** Vegetative patient, that's the kind of patient

**[00:56:32]** who has no higher brain functions,

**[00:56:35]** but vegetation is of course hugely important.

**[00:56:39]** Maybe a note at the start, maybe it loosens up thinking a bit.

**[00:56:42]** How we have professional blindness.

**[00:56:45]** Robinson starts by walking on a deserted island

**[00:56:49]** in a tropical rainforest.

**[00:56:51]** Not a soul in sight.

**[00:56:54]** A botanist, as he says.

**[00:56:57]** Vegetation is not just vegetation.

**[00:56:59]** They hear, touch, even plan.

**[00:57:02]** They are sensitive to touch and such matters.

**[00:57:06]** Yes, if anyone can tear off,

**[00:57:11]** step on, or bite any part of your body, you simply can't afford to have eyes.

**[00:57:14]** You have to diversify somehow, like the internet.

**[00:57:17]** Yes, a plant sees, but it can't afford to have eyes.

**[00:57:20]** It thinks, but it can't afford the luxury of a brain, and we'll leave that aside.

**[00:57:25]** A horse, an arbor.

**[00:57:27]** I poke it and the horse reacts when I pet it or something similar.

**[00:57:31]** So sensibly, it lives and feels.

**[00:57:34]** Maybe you remember Aristotle's vegetative soul, animal soul

**[00:57:38]** and then Thomas Aquinas talks about the spiritual soul of man

**[00:57:42]** and that's the guy up there, the homo rationalis, who also thinks, intelligit.

**[00:57:47]** Next to him is the student, the studious one, and that's really the doer,

**[00:57:52]** he does what he should, studies, tries this.

**[00:57:55]** And then the author here picks three from the seven deadly sins,

**[00:58:00]** for some reasons of his own.

**[00:58:02]** The first deadly sin is luxuria, lust.

**[00:58:06]** He looks into the mirror, takes selfies today

**[00:58:10]** and only cares about how he looks.

**[00:58:12]** Like the horse, you see it on the same edge.

**[00:58:14]** Then there's an even worse one, gula, gluttony.

**[00:58:18]** He only cares about the food and drink at breakfast here.

**[00:58:22]** Don't want anything else from life here on earth.

**[00:58:27]** Beer, food, drink, good.

**[00:58:28]** But the worst guy is the last one, acedia.

**[00:58:32]** He just looks down at himself

**[00:58:35]** and we can criticize him in very sharp words,

**[00:58:40]** because acedia is an untranslatable word.

**[00:58:42]** Laziness is not quite it. Laziness of the heart.

**[00:58:44]** A person does not cooperate and now say this,

**[00:58:48]** unless you are better versed in religious context, in your language.

**[00:58:53]** A person does not want to become great. I don't want to grow.

**[00:58:57]** I don't want the earth to be anything. I don't want to transform into something better.

**[00:59:03]** I don't want to realize my human existence.

**[00:59:06]** It's not a question of activity for activity's sake,

**[00:59:08]** but a question of my genuine realization.

**[00:59:11]** When suddenly acedia means yes.

**[00:59:13]** Even Marek Vácha could be like that.

**[00:59:16]** If you were who you could be, you'd set Italy on fire.

**[00:59:19]** But I no longer want to. I no longer want to be like that.

**[00:59:23]** So it will be beautiful.

**[00:59:27]** You will write biographies of important people

**[00:59:30]** and important witnesses or the like, which is great.

**[00:59:34]** But acedia will tell you, first of all, friends,

**[00:59:38]** you must be those about whom the biographies will be written.

**[00:59:42]** And I'm not saying anything extraordinary.

**[00:59:45]** That is the mission of every person.

**[00:59:49]** I would be guilty of acedia if I waved my hand and said,

**[00:59:54]** this is not for me. What I have is enough.

**[00:59:58]** So indifference to biographies,

**[01:00:00]** disinterest in life, the surrounding world, dullness, apathy towards one's own life,

**[01:00:04]** and how else to say this, that a person does not dare to be

**[01:00:09]** who they could be if only.

**[01:00:11]** I prefer to stay where I am rather than move forward and work on myself.

**[01:00:19]** And the ancient and medieval times, with some kind of brilliant insight,

**[01:00:29]** The mortal sin is not, I don't know, breaking the commandments,

**[01:00:34]** but that a person does not work on themselves.

**[01:00:37]** They understood this is the crucial thing.

**[01:00:40]** Now why are we doing all this? The title of this lecture.

**[01:00:44]** Here for teachers, we already talked about it.

**[01:00:47]** You will never see the results of your work.

**[01:00:50]** I already spoke about Mrs. Alena Tesličková.

**[01:00:53]** Two guys who are in the second row.

**[01:00:56]** Šrejbr was a priest somewhere in Stlesko,

**[01:00:59]** a forgotten village, some Lower Vražné.

**[01:01:03]** It was a village where a man named Thomas Makita taught,

**[01:01:07]** who was a distant relative of some Rozjiny schoolboys.

**[01:01:11]** The father was named Anton, they had a daughter Veronika,

**[01:01:18]** then a son Johannes was born,

**[01:01:20]** and then they had another daughter Tereza.

**[01:01:23]** Johannes was supposed to inherit the farm, the family estate, that was clear.

**[01:01:27]** He was the only son of the three, and then there were two more who died young.

**[01:01:31]** Šrejbr and Makita persuaded father Anton,

**[01:01:36]** Let Johannes study.

**[01:01:39]** Johannes went to the Piaresic Gymnasium in Lipínek,

**[01:01:42]** then he got to Opava, then to Olomouc,

**[01:01:45]** where he encounters an offer he can't refuse,

**[01:01:47]** to become an Augustinian, and he arrives in old Brno,

**[01:01:52]** takes the name Gregor, and then history goes on,

**[01:01:56]** he founds genetics. Hmm, Mendel.

**[01:01:59]** Well, Šrejbr and Makita didn't live to see that.

**[01:02:04]** His success, he even became an abbot.

**[01:02:07]** That's how you convince the father,

**[01:02:10]** hey, the son has talent, do something with him.

**[01:02:13]** Done. Then he actually inherited the farm,

**[01:02:17]** well, the husband of his older sister.

**[01:02:21]** So the reason for doing good is good itself.

**[01:02:24]** You won't see the results of your work, but that's okay.

**[01:02:28]** Good. And now, what we can do and what we can't.

**[01:02:36]** Eckhart says, set your final goal for your work,

**[01:02:41]** and you will find your work.

**[01:02:44]** Maybe for us that's the ideal, maybe not for you,

**[01:02:47]** but maybe for someone it can be an ideal,

**[01:02:50]** what would I really want to achieve in life,

**[01:02:53]** to be on a beach sipping a cocktail with a little umbrella.

**[01:02:56]** After the third one, you'll feel sick.

**[01:02:59]** What then?

**[01:03:02]** Many years ago, a lecture for truly humble, nice people from Vůlí,

**[01:03:09]** intelligent bank and insurance directors on some matters.

**[01:03:13]** And basically afterwards, in the corridors, they came very humbly,

**[01:03:17]** very nicely, and said the important sentence in various forms.

**[01:03:22]** Basically, around your age, they set a goal to climb that mountain, to get rich.

**[01:03:27]** And that's a fair goal, that's correct.

**[01:03:30]** That's why you study economics. To get rich.

**[01:03:33]** Now they've reached the top of that mountain and ask,

**[01:03:37]** is there any path further?

**[01:03:40]** What now? Where to go with life now?

**[01:03:43]** We're already at the top, this segment is solved, this is done.

**[01:03:47]** We have most items checked off from the catalog this planet offers.

**[01:03:52]** We've driven, skied, played golf, that's good.

**[01:03:57]** Where to next on the horizon? What now?

**[01:04:01]** So it was nicely captured for you in the cult film The Inheritance.

**[01:04:08]** Like, where now? What now?

**[01:04:11]** When you have this here, this is a molecule, this one.

**[01:04:15]** Alright, good.

**[01:04:18]** There must be a vision that inspires us and tells us,

**[01:04:22]** why we should do what is asked of us.

**[01:04:25]** The story of our nation, for example, or your personal story.

**[01:04:29]** This happened. This is Marek Vácha.

**[01:04:32]** That's why vision is so important to me. This is the direction I want to go.

**[01:04:36]** This is what I want to do in this world.

**[01:04:40]** And I see, I have three and a half minutes.

**[01:04:43]** Your assignment.

**[01:04:48]** COVID, home office, lockdown.

**[01:04:51]** Three pharmaceutical companies, like a fairy tale.

**[01:04:54]** And all these companies organize an online lecture.

**[01:04:57]** And please, Mr. Vácha, tell us,

**[01:05:00]** how to handle home office and lockdown and such.

**[01:05:03]** And please also tell us something about the meaning of life.

**[01:05:06]** And now the question is for you.

**[01:05:09]** And the questions that are now coming up in podcasts,

**[01:05:12]** Jarda Jirák, one of the famous podcasters,

**[01:05:15]** they always hand you the microphone and ask,

**[01:05:19]** how do you relate to God.

**[01:05:22]** What is the meaning of life for you?

**[01:05:25]** Those are silly questions.

**[01:05:28]** And that’s not a question for a professional like a spiritual leader.

**[01:05:31]** No, it’s a question for everyone.

**[01:05:34]** So how do I see it?

**[01:05:37]** Or, let me put it another way,

**[01:05:40]** if you had to write a two-page letter.

**[01:05:43]** If you’re church-oriented, maybe a letter to the Philippians,

**[01:05:46]** or Romans, or Timothy,

**[01:05:49]** try writing a letter to the people of Prague.

**[01:05:52]** Try writing a letter to your child,

**[01:05:55]** when they turn 18, that you will give them.

**[01:05:58]** What was really important to me in life.

**[01:06:01]** What I want to pass on to you. What I lived for.

**[01:06:04]** What really was the core of my life.

**[01:06:07]** What I think the goal is.

**[01:06:10]** What I want them to remember from my upbringing.

**[01:06:13]** Or her.

**[01:06:16]** With the ambition that your child will then share it with friends and maybe even grandchildren.

**[01:06:19]** What no longer becomes part of the holy scripture

**[01:06:22]** is a historical-theological fact. That doesn't matter.

**[01:06:25]** But we have to write those letters.

**[01:06:28]** Otherwise, we'll just be caretakers of the famous and sacred books of our ancestors.

**[01:06:31]** But above all, to keep it alive,

**[01:06:34]** as they say in the citadel, you can't just read poets.

**[01:06:37]** If you don't write poems yourself, we will die.

**[01:06:40]** I have Tarkovsky's film Stalker here.

**[01:06:43]** When the science fiction story is banal,

**[01:06:47]** I'll shorten it.

**[01:06:50]** Somewhere in the Soviet Union, a meteorite, an asteroid,

**[01:06:53]** we don't know about the earth,

**[01:06:56]** and something happens there, some explosion,

**[01:06:59]** and the landscapes and time get twisted,

**[01:07:02]** but in the middle of the zone is a bunker.

**[01:07:05]** There, if you enter, the zone fulfills the deepest wish of your soul.

**[01:07:08]** And there's the Stalker, a guide, a scholar, a writer,

**[01:07:11]** maybe an avatar of humanity, a scientist and author,

**[01:07:15]** and 162 minutes.

**[01:07:18]** It's a crazy, huge, nowadays unwatchable film.

**[01:07:21]** And there's a micro story lasting half a minute.

**[01:07:24]** It tells of a man who had a brother dying of illness

**[01:07:27]** and desperately wished for his healing,

**[01:07:30]** he went into the zone, avoided danger,

**[01:07:33]** was in the zone, came back out,

**[01:07:36]** and committed suicide.

**[01:07:39]** Because the brother died and he became fabulously rich.

**[01:07:43]** The zone fulfills the deepest wish of your soul.

**[01:07:46]** Not what you think is your deepest wish.

**[01:07:49]** Exactly the deepest wish of your soul.

**[01:07:52]** So what is on that deepest pedestal?

**[01:07:55]** Why do I get up in the morning? That's how we would say it.

**[01:07:58]** We can skip ahead,

**[01:08:01]** to get to the conclusion.

**[01:08:04]** What we can also remember is that

**[01:08:07]** we will never finish our work.

**[01:08:11]** The best life will remain unfinished,

**[01:08:14]** and in the end, as they say in leadership lectures,

**[01:08:17]** you don't become great at birth.

**[01:08:23]** Shakespeare puts it beautifully again.

**[01:08:26]** Shakespeare says some are heroes from birth,

**[01:08:29]** some become heroes, and for some, it is imposed.

**[01:08:32]** And maybe we are the third group.

**[01:08:35]** Maybe we aren't born with it,

**[01:08:38]** but maybe it is somewhat imposed on us.

**[01:08:41]** And you become great by

**[01:08:44]** participating in a great project.

**[01:08:47]** A task longer than the span of my life.

**[01:08:50]** A task I definitely won't finish,

**[01:08:53]** but at the same time, it's a task I can't leave.

**[01:08:56]** More than once, I really start to build something.

**[01:08:59]** So even if we don't finish, it inspires others.

**[01:09:02]** What can we take away from the lecture?

**[01:09:06]** First, I must learn myself,

**[01:09:09]** but maybe also my colleagues and subordinates,

**[01:09:12]** to long for the endless vastness of the ocean.

**[01:09:15]** To see the cathedral we are building.

**[01:09:18]** Not just going to work to chip away at stone.

**[01:09:21]** You will often make serious and often wrong decisions.

**[01:09:26]** Of course. Chamberlain.

**[01:09:29]** Because no one was in that landscape.

**[01:09:33]** We have to make decisions and risk

**[01:09:36]** that despite all good intentions, we might decide poorly.

**[01:09:39]** That's okay, we'll learn from it next time.

**[01:09:42]** Many sects and political parties, which we didn't discuss,

**[01:09:45]** are ready in these crisis times,

**[01:09:48]** when people don't know black, white, or disinformation,

**[01:09:51]** how it all really is, so they shrug

**[01:09:54]** and wait for someone to say, like Adolf,

**[01:09:57]** 'I take full responsibility.'

**[01:10:00]** That's the devilish, evil genius in it.

**[01:10:03]** Watch a leader, political or religious, it doesn't matter, and the world is solved in black and white.

**[01:10:09]** Then you go to Jaspers and say, 'Wow, we believed it.'

**[01:10:13]** And it's much easier to follow a leader than to take the risk

**[01:10:19]** of making independent decisions with the risk of being wrong, lacking information, or doing it badly.

**[01:10:27]** Alright, good.

**[01:10:29]** And CD is desperate in your weakness that a person doesn't dare to be who they are.

**[01:10:35]** We almost never see the results of our work.

**[01:10:38]** Watch the words we use; words are performative.

**[01:10:43]** It's even said in courses for married couples.

**[01:10:46]** Teach your boy, your girl, how you do it,

**[01:10:50]** to always praise one specific thing from that day every evening.

**[01:10:54]** It's not about being kind or anything, but one specific thing from that day.

**[01:10:58]** What exactly did you like about them today?

**[01:11:01]** Words create reality.

**[01:11:04]** A word is performative; it creates a reality that wasn't here before

**[01:11:08]** and now it is.

**[01:11:09]** Words don't just fan flames, they can create them.

**[01:11:14]** So you can't speak badly about others and the hearts of those who do so.

**[01:11:18]** So, to conclude with Solzhenitsyn, a bit of wisdom.

**[01:11:23]** When Solzhenitsyn, around 1970, was banned for literature,

**[01:11:27]** he shouted at us Westerners from his iron curtain side,

**[01:11:32]** 'Hey, you think you've already won freedom once and for all.

**[01:11:36]** Today, Solzhenitsyn might say you have another velvet revolution,

**[01:11:39]** that it's done, that the walls are painted.

**[01:11:41]** But beware, freedom probably resembles the art of painting.

**[01:11:46]** You have to practice every day to be good painters.

**[01:11:50]** Every day you must devote some time to mature into mastery.

**[01:11:56]** Every day you must take care of freedom.

**[01:11:59]** It's not zero or one, but a process.

**[01:12:02]** And then he says, please take your lives seriously.

**[01:12:07]** Humbly accept your greatness.

**[01:12:11]** So don't treat your life like a casual ping-pong game.

**[01:12:17]** I'll have a big set, a small set, win, lose, it doesn't matter.

**[01:12:20]** But take your life with all humility as a huge battle.

**[01:12:24]** Remember, there are no small roles.

**[01:12:27]** Remember that the symphonies you write,

**[01:12:31]** no one else will write.

**[01:12:33]** And remember, as Moshe Maimonides would tell you,

**[01:12:36]** that how you succeed today,

**[01:12:39]** is how the side of good or evil wins today.

**[01:12:43]** Merry Christmas.

**[01:12:45]** So.

**[01:12:59]** Good.

**[01:13:05]** Questions then, if there are any, maybe not.

**[01:13:08]** Many are asking.

**[01:13:10]** So.

**[01:13:16]** I was very afraid.

**[01:13:18]** Whenever I listen to you,

**[01:13:20]** I get a lot of questions along the way.

**[01:13:24]** But then you wrap it up, close the loop,

**[01:13:27]** and I actually run out of words.

**[01:13:30]** That I just need to stay with it and be.

**[01:13:33]** But still, I have to make a move.

**[01:13:39]** Is our society experiencing a leadership crisis,

**[01:13:41]** or are we victims of the 'it used to be better' syndrome,

**[01:13:44]** how do we ensure the next generation of leaders?

**[01:13:47]** Well, that's an excellent question.

**[01:13:49]** I think I'll look at it like this...

**[01:13:51]** Sure, yes, definitely.

**[01:13:53]** First, be careful

**[01:13:56]** not to judge generations,

**[01:13:58]** because a common question is,

**[01:14:00]** how is your generation, how are today's young people,

**[01:14:03]** with a bit of a hint,

**[01:14:04]** that today's youth are worthless.

**[01:14:06]** Every generation has cowards and heroes.

**[01:14:09]** Maybe we live in different aquariums,

**[01:14:12]** maybe we live in different ecosystems.

**[01:14:14]** We had our problems, they have theirs,

**[01:14:17]** so I don't think any generation is better or worse.

**[01:14:20]** They are different, but that doesn't mean

**[01:14:22]** they are better or worse.

**[01:14:24]** It's really the task of every generation

**[01:14:27]** to somehow provoke the emergence of leaders.

**[01:14:32]** I think that is...

**[01:14:34]** They say you can pour endless money into healthcare,

**[01:14:39]** but you'll never raise charismatic doctors,

**[01:14:42]** and you can pour endless money into education,

**[01:14:45]** but you'll never raise a charismatic teacher.

**[01:14:48]** What is a charismatic teacher?

**[01:14:50]** Where do they come from?

**[01:14:51]** Now, somewhere they are born,

**[01:14:53]** maybe they go to scouts,

**[01:14:55]** maybe to some sports club,

**[01:14:57]** maybe, we don't know, they have some religious community,

**[01:15:00]** which might succeed,

**[01:15:02]** maybe then they're at Gimpl,

**[01:15:04]** and suddenly they feel the need to do something about it,

**[01:15:07]** maybe then he's at the University,

**[01:15:09]** maybe he met important people,

**[01:15:11]** maybe he's listening to Red Button here

**[01:15:14]** or he's listening to Neuraditelné by Jarda Jiráka

**[01:15:16]** and suddenly you have a charismatic teacher here.

**[01:15:19]** And it comes from the bottom up.

**[01:15:20]** So they say, never expect,

**[01:15:23]** that an important change will be made by

**[01:15:27]** a political leader or a religious leader,

**[01:15:30]** that would be magic,

**[01:15:32]** never expect that God will solve your problems for you,

**[01:15:35]** whether believers or atheists,

**[01:15:38]** never reminisce about golden times,

**[01:15:40]** that never existed,

**[01:15:41]** nor about a utopia that will never be.

**[01:15:43]** We will survive in this country with these people,

**[01:15:46]** yes, we are in crisis, we always have been

**[01:15:48]** and we always will be in crisis

**[01:15:50]** and we try to cope.

**[01:15:52]** So maybe a message for the veterans,

**[01:15:57]** to try to pass the torch of their life to the younger generation.

**[01:16:04]** Write those books, write letters to the youth,

**[01:16:08]** write a letter to the Prague ones and that's it, let's go.

**[01:16:15]** Vojta Štěpánek, greetings to Bruška,

**[01:16:18]** asks what values you consider important

**[01:16:21]** for the spiritual growth of today's person?

**[01:16:24]** Do they include relationships with people and the environment?

**[01:16:26]** Satisfaction and happiness from a job well done?

**[01:16:30]** Yes, first, Kierkegaard says

**[01:16:37]** Door to happiness opens outward,

**[01:16:40]** the door to happiness opens outward,

**[01:16:43]** and that's beautiful about Christmas,

**[01:16:45]** because Christmas is really an interesting holiday,

**[01:16:48]** because on All Souls' Day we all remember the dead,

**[01:16:51]** at Christmas we all remember the living.

**[01:16:54]** The whole country celebrates it regardless of any context.

**[01:16:57]** And Christmas is interesting because

**[01:16:59]** yes, a small child writes a letter to Baby Jesus,

**[01:17:02]** but maybe a slightly older child writes a parallel letter

**[01:17:06]** with a list of gifts they want to buy.

**[01:17:09]** Suddenly, Christmas makes you see the world

**[01:17:13]** through someone else's eyes.

**[01:17:15]** For example, I have a friend there.

**[01:17:18]** If he is not happy yet, what can I do

**[01:17:22]** to make him happy? Paint something,

**[01:17:26]** buy him something, make something.

**[01:17:29]** We older ones have everything, we need nothing.

**[01:17:32]** But I need to be loved by others,

**[01:17:36]** so call a senior for 20 minutes.

**[01:17:39]** Call your friend.

**[01:17:41]** Call an old person,

**[01:17:43]** for whom it will be the only contact with living people

**[01:17:46]** that day or that week.

**[01:17:48]** Even the last homeless person suddenly gains dignity

**[01:17:52]** by being able to give something to someone.

**[01:17:55]** Maybe all year I get into these Christmas offenses,

**[01:18:00]** that all year we, the devout Catholics,

**[01:18:04]** stand before the Lord God like this.

**[01:18:06]** Give, I intercede, protest, save the way,

**[01:18:10]** peace in Ukraine, give and give us everything here.

**[01:18:15]** And at Christmas, suddenly a person realizes, first,

**[01:18:19]** that God does not give something, but Himself.

**[01:18:23]** The goal of prayer is not to increase my bank account.

**[01:18:27]** Egar jokes about it and says,

**[01:18:29]** if you use the Lord God to

**[01:18:31]** look for something in the dark and use God as a candle,

**[01:18:36]** and then you find the thing and put the candle aside,

**[01:18:38]** then you are looking for nothing and will find nothing.

**[01:18:41]** Because God does not give something, but Himself.

**[01:18:44]** At Christmas, perspective changes.

**[01:18:47]** A small child, El Niño, the Baby Jesus,

**[01:18:50]** who needs your time and your energy,

**[01:18:54]** Bethlehem, Pekasnese, Bábovka, Krejčí, Vestička,

**[01:18:58]** the poor sing.

**[01:19:00]** And this is how I give gifts not only to God,

**[01:19:03]** but through God to people.

**[01:19:05]** So I think about what would make God happy

**[01:19:09]** and also understand that not when I give Him something,

**[01:19:13]** when I give Him Himself, but it goes to me with people.

**[01:19:16]** I have to look at the world from the perspective of my friends.

**[01:19:19]** What would truly make them happy?

**[01:19:22]** What else could I do to make them satisfied?

**[01:19:26]** The door to happiness opens outward.

**[01:19:30]** So the lecture will be short.

**[01:19:33]** There is one biblical book that you all know.

**[01:19:37]** English is better at this than Czech.

**[01:19:40]** In the first paragraph, probably nowhere else,

**[01:19:44]** maybe in the entire Bible,

**[01:19:47]** the English word 'I' doesn't appear as often,

**[01:19:50]** which in this first, introductory paragraph of the book, the preacher says.

**[01:19:54]** I built my gardens,

**[01:19:57]** I built houses, I also built my...

**[01:20:00]** streams, I gathered treasure chests, I gathered slaves,

**[01:20:07]** servants, maids, prostitutes, the preacher absolutely ignores the Ten Commandments,

**[01:20:11]** I arranged this, this, this, this,

**[01:20:14]** vanity of vanities, all is vanity, oh, oh, oh,

**[01:20:18]** he thinks of himself, the preacher's life is selfish.

**[01:20:21]** So this Christmas, I would highlight this trait,

**[01:20:25]** really, I'm not saying this, it's all read out,

**[01:20:29]** perseverance, huge perseverance, yes, they say behind every poet

**[01:20:34]** are boxes of bad poetry, behind every painter are studios of bad paintings,

**[01:20:39]** behind every musician are stacks of bad scores,

**[01:20:42]** we all know the term 'unrecognized genius' in literature,

**[01:20:46]** which really works, suddenly you meet someone and think,

**[01:20:50]** wow, this person is in this position, wow, he's a genius mathematician,

**[01:20:53]** what is he doing here, why isn't he doing something fitting for life.

**[01:20:57]** Maybe he tried once, maybe twice, so what to do?

**[01:21:03]** He stays here, well.

**[01:21:05]** A lady you also know wrote some stories at train stations,

**[01:21:13]** strange ones about all kinds of odd creatures, and she put the station into it,

**[01:21:21]** some magic and spells, and then gave it to a publisher.

**[01:21:27]** I think 12 publishers rejected Rowling.

**[01:21:31]** The 13th published it, some Harry Potter thing.

**[01:21:34]** Then it went further, good.

**[01:21:36]** But you have to have perseverance when the first three publishers reject you

**[01:21:41]** and you believe in what you wrote.

**[01:21:43]** It got published.

**[01:21:45]** So I would really put resilience, perseverance there, to keep pushing

**[01:21:50]** and if you believe this is the right path, keep going further and further.

**[01:21:54]** William Golding, who later won the Nobel for Lord of the Flies,

**[01:21:57]** It's also said that there are like dozens of publishers,

**[01:22:01]** before it got accepted, then Lord of the Flies, of course a cult book.

**[01:22:06]** 1962, famous Dick Records says The Beatles have no future in show business.

**[01:22:13]** Weird four guys playing guitars, no one will like this.

**[01:22:19]** So again and again, to get it through.

**[01:22:22]** To avoid having acedia in myself,

**[01:22:25]** to try to be who you want to become, if you would.

**[01:22:30]** And well, what next?

**[01:22:38]** I have a question here that actually repeats a bit.

**[01:22:42]** Pavel asks, and Martin Minář also asks.

**[01:22:45]** And I'll just try to paraphrase it: how to find balance between the need to grow and when to stop pushing.

**[01:22:50]** Is there actually time for some downtime?

**[01:22:54]** Are we constantly trying?

**[01:22:58]** For you, no, even though today it's solemnly called burnout syndrome,

**[01:23:03]** 50 years ago, 1974, this was coined.

**[01:23:06]** And clearly it might be an answer to this question,

**[01:23:10]** because we already see it in medical students,

**[01:23:14]** who don't have it like that, but basically young people,

**[01:23:18]** in my opinion, and take this just as an opinion,

**[01:23:22]** we are building cathedrals.

**[01:23:25]** That is, I really work long and hard and work on myself

**[01:23:29]** and build my company, and young people also try to build their own work.

**[01:23:34]** Then a situation can arise when

**[01:23:38]** especially if you work with people, helping professions,

**[01:23:42]** nurses, doctors, teachers, journalists, all helping professions,

**[01:23:46]** and especially those devoted and engaged.

**[01:23:50]** If you want to do your work really well, there must be balance,

**[01:23:54]** because yes, Kierkegaard says it beautifully, the doors to happiness open outward,

**[01:23:58]** and you sometimes see that even in parish communities.

**[01:24:01]** We are still trained, so we have the biographies of saints,

**[01:24:04]** like Markéta, Mary, and Lacok, those who really cared for the sick,

**[01:24:08]** didn't sleep, didn't eat, all just care, care for the sick,

**[01:24:12]** that's quite a good start to burnout.

**[01:24:16]** And Jung, who definitely wasn't a devout Catholic,

**[01:24:20]** though his father wasn't Protestant, but Jung has brilliant insights.

**[01:24:24]** Jung says, sure, I love my neighbor.

**[01:24:28]** We all hear that. That's Kierkegaard.

**[01:24:32]** But it also has the other half of the sentence: love yourself.

**[01:24:36]** And when we hear self-love,

**[01:24:40]** it's pejorative. We say it's bad self-love.

**[01:24:44]** Egoism, I only think about myself. An egoist is a person who doesn't think about me.

**[01:24:48]** So that's wrong. But beware, Jung points out,

**[01:24:54]** I am able to love my neighbor only to the extent,

**[01:24:58]** that I am able to love myself.

**[01:25:02]** And it's interesting that mystics, people who should understand this,

**[01:25:06]** say every love must begin with self-love.

**[01:25:10]** The way we say it, that's nonsense.

**[01:25:14]** But you can love your neighbor only to that extent,

**[01:25:18]** otherwise you become their slave.

**[01:25:22]** The hippie movement had instructive stories, like 'make love not war',

**[01:25:26]** we will truly serve others here,

**[01:25:30]** and I'll even bring you drinks and everything.

**[01:25:34]** And what happens? Some selfish person comes and makes him their personal slave.

**[01:25:38]** Bring me coffee, bring me beer.

**[01:25:42]** If I love another but don't love myself, Jordan Peterson,

**[01:25:46]** I really become their slave. So I can love another only

**[01:25:50]** if I have love for myself, respect for you because I have it for myself,

**[01:25:54]** and these two things must be balanced.

**[01:25:58]** Jung also has a brilliant comment,

**[01:26:02]** maybe you know it, a text also from the Gospels,

**[01:26:06]** where people come to heaven and God says to them,

**[01:26:10]** well done, because you did well, I was hungry,

**[01:26:14]** you fed me, I was thirsty, you gave me drink, I was traveling,

**[01:26:18]** naked and sick, and you cared for me.

**[01:26:22]** What you did for one of the least of these, you did for me.

**[01:26:26]** Behold, serving another person is not a matter of humanity or charity,

**[01:26:30]** but a liturgical act. We'll leave theology to think about that.

**[01:26:34]** And Jung says, sure, but what if the hungriest poor man

**[01:26:40]** and the most repulsive criminal hide in your own soul?

**[01:26:45]** And what will happen to you if you don't even offer him a cup of cold water?

**[01:26:49]** And what if you don't even offer him a cup of cold water?

**[01:26:53]** And what if you don't even offer him a cup of cold water?

**[01:26:57]** And what if you don't even offer him a cup of cold water?

**[01:27:01]** And what if you don't even offer him a cup of cold water?

**[01:27:05]** And what if you don't even offer him a cup of cold water?

**[01:27:09]** And what if you don't even offer him a cup of cold water?

**[01:27:13]** And what if you don't even offer him a cup of cold water?

**[01:27:17]** And what if you don't even offer him a cup of cold water?

**[01:27:21]** And what if you don't even offer him a cup of cold water?

**[01:27:25]** And what if you don't even offer him a cup of cold water?

**[01:27:29]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:27:33]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:27:37]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:27:41]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:27:45]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:27:49]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:27:53]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:27:57]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:28:01]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:28:05]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:28:09]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:28:13]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:28:17]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:28:21]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:28:25]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:28:29]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:28:33]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:28:37]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:28:41]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:28:45]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:28:49]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:28:53]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:28:57]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:29:01]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:29:05]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:29:09]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:29:13]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:29:17]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:29:21]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:29:25]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:29:29]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:29:33]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:29:37]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:29:41]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:29:45]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:29:49]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:29:53]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:29:57]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:30:01]** And if you don't even offer him a glass of cold water?

**[01:30:00]** a teacher, a person who has achieved a lot and is doing a lot in Dobrý Pastýř.

**[01:30:05]** So yesterday we finished the school of life. That's a celebration too.

**[01:30:09]** It will be really useful in 2026.

**[01:30:13]** We're launching new programs, new projects.

**[01:30:17]** The book of the month is still running, taken on by Pavel Pumprlá.

**[01:30:21]** If you haven't noticed him, he's sitting back there too.

**[01:30:25]** Today is really a celebration of many friends.

**[01:30:29]** And besides Brain&Breakfast entering its 13th year,

**[01:30:34]** Red Button is entering its 10th year.

**[01:30:36]** So we'll be celebrating 10 years all through 2026.

**[01:30:40]** Let's top it up right away.

**[01:30:45]** But we'll keep going with the breakfasts.

**[01:30:48]** If you enjoy and are interested in what we do here,

**[01:30:52]** then on the 22nd, the first.

**[01:30:55]** Another very strong topic will be about readiness,

**[01:31:00]** about the Baltic countries.

**[01:31:02]** It will be a view on us Czechs.

**[01:31:04]** Maybe a bit from outside about active reserves, about the army.

**[01:31:08]** Petra Horáková-Kryštofová will come.

**[01:31:10]** And we named that breakfast Diary Not Just of a Soldier.

**[01:31:14]** She wrote the book Diary of a Soldier.

**[01:31:16]** So it will be a very rich and colorful story again.

**[01:31:20]** I'm personally really looking forward to it.

**[01:31:23]** And now I'll let you relax nicely like this.

**[01:31:26]** And there's one surprise,

**[01:31:28]** so maybe I'll play the director,

**[01:31:30]** just a video that was never allowed to get out.

**[01:31:33]** And now it will.

**[01:31:35]** So happy holidays.

**[01:31:37]** Take care.

**[01:31:39]** Mark, thanks again for those beautiful words.

**[01:31:42]** Thank you for the invitation.

**[01:31:44]** Thank you very much.

**[01:31:49]** And the video.

**[01:31:53]** Thank you for the invitation.

**[01:31:55]** Bye.

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**[01:33:50]** Subtitles created by JohnyX